研究方法 Research Methods

生命週期評估
Life Cycle Assessment

生命週期評估為產品或工業系統從原料開採、製造、使用、到廢棄階段的整體環境影響評估工具。若分析對象為使用能源之產品，則必須將能源的製造過程的環境影響也一併考慮。

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a comprehensive tool used to evaluate the environmental impacts of a product or industrial system throughout its entire life cycle — from raw material extraction, manufacturing, and use, to end-of-life disposal. When the subject of analysis is an energy-consuming product, the environmental impacts associated with energy production must also be included in the assessment.

物質流分析
Material flow analysis

物質流分析可以量化經濟、工業、產品等系統之物質流入量、流出量及物質存量，物質流分析可以提供資源管理及廢棄物處理、污染控制、處置容量規劃的重要資訊。

Material Flow Analysis (MFA) is a method used to quantify the inflows, outflows, and stocks of materials within economic, industrial, or product systems. MFA provides essential information for resource management, waste treatment, pollution control, and capacity planning for disposal systems.

循環經濟
Circular Economy

循環經濟是一種再生系統，藉由減緩、封閉與縮小物質與能量循環，使得資源的投入與廢棄、排放達成減量化的目標。本研究室探討如何利用循環經濟的概念提升資源使用效率、避免廢棄物產生，並且透過循環設計來降低企業成本、創造商業價值。

The circular economy is a regenerative system that aims to reduce the input of resources and the generation of waste and emissions by slowing down, closing, and narrowing material and energy loops. Our research group explores how circular economy strategies can be applied to improve resource efficiency, prevent waste generation, and reduce business costs while creating added commercial value through circular design.

永續科學
Sustainability Science

永續科學研究方法的特色為解決方案導向、跨領域以及關係利益人參與，共同設計、共同製造及共同效益，利用系統動力學手法分析系統間關係利益人的角色，並且透過溝通、共同設計、共同製造及共同效益來達成永續發展的目的。永續科學注重環境、經濟、社會的平衡，從不同領域切入問題並尋求複雜問題的解決方案。

Sustainability science is characterized by its solution-oriented approach, interdisciplinary integration, and active stakeholder engagement. It emphasizes co-design, co-production, and co-benefits, using systems dynamics to analyze the roles of stakeholders within interconnected systems. Through communication, collaborative design, and joint implementation, sustainability science aims to achieve sustainable development goals. It seeks to balance environmental, economic, and social dimensions, addressing complex challenges through diverse disciplinary perspectives.

近期研究主題及成果 Recent Research Topics

電動機車及燃油機車的生命週期評估研究 Comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) on battery electric and combustion engine motorcycles in Taiwan

在電動機車及燃油機車的生命週期評估研究中，我們比較了電動和燃油機車的環境影響，我們發現即使是在現在台灣火力發電為主的電力組成狀態下，由燃油機車轉向轉向電動機車仍可以減少近四成的化石燃料稀缺和二氧化碳排放，並且在電力組成邁向低碳化的同時，化石燃料稀缺及碳排放量都能有進一步下降的潛力。

但在此油電的轉換中，我們也發現製造及廢棄處理階段之環摬影響的重要性提升，另外轉換成電動車也會增加優養化和礦物資源稀缺等問題，換句話說並不是在所有的環境影響項目都是全然改善。在達成淨零碳排的目標下，油車轉換為電車為勢在必行，為了減少環境衝擊，我們建議使用更高的原材料回收率，並建立適合的重要零部件重複使用、維修和回收系統。

Electric motorcycles are increasingly replacing combustion engine motorcycles, especially in Asia where personal motorcycles represent a significant proportion of the traffic share. Yet, the life cycle environmental performances of electric and combustion driven motorcycles have not yet been established with field data from this region. To enable the clarification of environmental impact from this modal shift, this study conducts a comparative Life Cycle Assessment on the most popular electric and combustion engine motorcycle models in Taiwan in SimaPro using selected impact categories from the ReCiPe impact methodology. This research reveals a burden shifting between impact categories and life-cycle stages. Electric motorcycle achieves lower impacts than combustion engine motorcycle in global warming and fossil resource scarcity, while combustion engine motorcycle outperforms electric motorcycle in freshwater eutrophication and mineral resource scarcity. Electric motorcycles obtained partially better results from the operation stage at a generally higher production impact compared to combustion driven motorcycles. To mitigate the higher impacts in electric motorcycles, increasing the recycling content in raw materials and establishing suitable reuse, repair and recycling system are suggested. A sensitivity analysis revealed significant fluctuations in conventional motorcycles and robust results for the electric motorcycle.

Full paper can be found in this link: （Link）

台灣商業漁具物質流分析研究 Material flow analysis of commercial fishing gears in Taiwan

海洋垃圾是一個國際性的環境問題，被遺棄、遺失或其他丟棄的漁具(ALDFG)的數量不斷增加，尤其令人擔憂。儘管台灣擁有龐大的漁業，但對漁具的全面了解仍然不足。本研究透過政府統計資料和與漁具生產公司、漁民和回收公司的訪談，進行靜態物質流分析，估計2020年台灣漁具的流入、流出和庫存量。研究發現，漁具的流入、流出和庫存量分別為8,846噸/年、4,271噸/年和4,575噸/年。僅有36％的報廢漁具被回收，其餘部分被焚化或填埋。此外，庫存中有27％正在使用，23％在港口，50％進入海洋。這些結果強調了增加回收能力、防止漁具流失至海洋和促進維修以延長漁具壽命的必要性。

Marine debris is an international environmental issue, and the growing amount of abandoned, lost, or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) is a particular concern. Despite Taiwan’s substantial fishing industry, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of fishing gear. This work conducted a static material flow analysis to estimate the flows and the stocks of fishing gear in Taiwan in 2020, based on government statistics and interviews with fishing gears producing companies, fishermen, and recycling companies. Our findings reveal that the inflow, outflow, and stock of the fishing gears are 8,846 t/a, 4,271 t/a, and 4,575 t/a, respectively. Only 36 % of end-of-life fishing gear is recycled, while the rest is incinerated or landfilled. Additionally, the stock comprises 27 % in use, 23 % in ports, and 50 % entering the ocean. These results underscore the need to increase recycling capacity, prevent loss in oceans, and promote repairs to extend the lifespan of fishing gear.

Full paper can be found in this link:（Link）

台灣零售超市重複使用模型包裝減量及減碳效益評估Evaluating the waste and CO2 reduction potential of packaging by reuse model in supermarkets in Taiwan

全球一次性包裝的消費量逐年增加，所產生的廢棄物對人類和環境都造成負面影響。近年來，零售商如超市為滿足現代生活方式而快速發展，過程中使用了大量包裝物。本研究評估台灣超市中銷售的10種不同產品在採用減量、回收和回填等不同再利用策略時的包裝垃圾和二氧化碳減量潛力。在建議的再利用策略中，總共可減少8千噸的包裝垃圾和30千噸的包裝二氧化碳，分別佔目前狀況的50.8%和59.8%的減少量。建議零售商提供不同的再利用策略和體驗活動，以增加消費者對新型消費方式的熟悉度。本研究指涵蓋了總體零售業中的一小部分，已經顯示出包裝方式的改變能產生顯著的影響，這表明如果範圍擴大，將會有相當大的好處。

Consumption of single-use packaging has been increasing globally and the waste produced causes negative impacts on both human and the environment. Retailers, such as supermarkets, developed quickly in recent years to provide for the modern lifestyle, using a lot of packaging in the process of distribution and sales. This research evaluates the packaging waste and CO2 reduction potential of 10 different products sold in supermarkets in Taiwan when adopting different reuse strategies of Reduce, Return and Refill. In the suggested reuse strategies, a total of 8 kilotons of packaging waste and 30 kilotons of packaging CO2 can be reduced, accounting for 50.8% and 59.8% reduction of the current situation, respectively. Retailers are suggested to provide different reuse strategies and experiential activities to increase consumers familiarity with new consumption methods. Significant impacts are made with a slight change in the small proportion investigated, which suggests considerable benefits if the scope is expanded.

Full paper can be found in this link:（Link）

研究像是探險家在攀爬一座高峰峻嶺，關鍵不在山頂的高，也不在多少漫漫長夜的努力，而是在一個精準的起點。

——法拉第——

期刊論文發表 Journal Publications

  1. Hsin-Tien Lin*, Falk Schneider, Muhamad Afiq Aziz, Keng Yinn Wong, Kantha D. Arunachalam, Sarva Mangala Praveena, Sumathi Sethupathi, Woon Chan Chong, Ayu Lana Nafisyah, Purushothaman Parthasarathy, Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan, Alexander Kunz, “Microplastics in Asian rivers: Geographical distribution, most detected types, and inconsistency in methodologies,” Environmental Pollution, Volume 349, 2024, 123985（Link）
  2. Falk Schneider, Daniel Sebastián Castillo Castro, Kuo-Che Weng, Cheng-Hsiang Shei, Hsin-Tien Lin*, “Comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) on battery electric and combustion engine motorcycles” Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 406, April 2023, 137060（Link）
  3. Ching-Tuan Su, Falk Schneider, Paritosh C. Deshpande, Hui-Ya Xiao, Tien-An Su, Ning Yen, Hsin-Tien Lin*, “Material flow analysis of commercial fishing gears in Taiwan,” Marine Pollution Bulletin, Volume 190, March 2023, 114822 （Link）
  4. Hsin-Tien Lin, Cian-Wei Chiang, Jhao-Ning Cai, Hsin-Yu Chang, Yu-Nien Ku, Falk Schneider, “Evaluating the waste and CO2 reduction potential of packaging by reuse model in supermarkets in Taiwan,” Waste Management, Volume 160, February 2023, 35-42（Link）
  5. Alexander Kunz, Falk Schneider, Nixon Anthony, Hsin-Tien Lin, “Microplastics in rivers along an urban-rural gradient in an urban agglomeration: Correlation with land use, potential sources and pathways,” Environmental Pollution, Volume 321, January 2023,121096（Link）
  6. Yun-Chung Lee, Yu-Chen Chen, Hsin-Tien Lin, Li Xu, Ming-Tsang Lee, Jia-Yang Juang. “Maskless deposition of patterned transparent conductive oxides via laser-assisted atmospheric pressure plasma jet,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Volume 931, 10 January 2023, 167607（Link）
  7. Falk Schneider, Hsin-Tien Lin*, Chieh-Shen Hu, Chi-Hsuan Hsu, Ning Yen, “Volume-based assessment of coastal litter reveals a significant underestimation of marine litter from ocean-based activities in East Asia,” Regional Studies in Marine Science, February 2022（Link）
  8. Chen-Hua Wang and Hsin-Tien Lin*, “Quantification of food packaging generation and material loss from major retailers in Taipei, Taiwan,” Waste Management, Nov. 2021（Link）
  9. Falk Schneider, Alexander Kunz*, Chieh-Shen Hu, Ning Yen and Hsin-Tien Lin*, ”Rapid-Survey Methodology to Assess Litter Volumes along Large River Systems—A Case Study of the Tamsui River in Taiwan”, Sustainability, wol.13, pp. 8765, Aug. 2021.（Link）
  10. Hsin-Tien Lin*, Kenichi Nakajima, Eiji Yamasue, Keiichi N. Ishihara, “An optimum treatment for waste electronic home appliance in remote area: the case of Kinmen, Taiwan”, Waste Management, vol. 89, issue 15, pp 379-385. Apr. 2019. （Link）
  11. Hsin-Tien Lin*, Kenichi Nakajima, Eiji Yamasue, Keiichi N. Ishihara, “Recycling of End-of-Life Vehicles in Small Islands: The Case of Kinmen, Taiwan”, Sustainability, vol.10, pp.4377, Nov. 2018. （Link）
  12. Hsin-Tien Lin*, Eiji Yamasue, Keiichi N. Ishihara, Hideyuki Okumura, “Waste shipments for energy recovery as a waste treatment strategy for small islands: the case of Kinmen, Taiwan”, Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, vol.21, issue 1, pp44-56, Jan. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-018-0760-3（Link）
  13. Jia-Yang Juang, Hsin-Tien Lin, Chun-Tang Liang, Yu-Yi Chen, and Kuo-Long Pan,”Effect of ambient air flow on resistivity uniformity of transparent Ga-doped ZnO film deposited by atmospheric pressure plasma jet”, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol.766, pp.868-875, Oct. 2018.（Link）
  14. Tung-Sheng Chou, Hsin-Tien Lin, Yu-Yi Chen, Kuo-Long Pan, and Jia-Yang Juang, ”Effect of main gas and carrier gas on ZnO thin films deposited by atmospheric pressure plasma jet”, Thin Solid Films, vol.594, Part B, pp.282-286, Nov. 2015.（Link）
  15. Jia-Yang Juang, Tung-Sheng Chou, Hsin-Tien Lin, Yuan-Fang Chou and Chih-Chiang Weng, ”Trajectory effect on the properties of large area ZnO thin films deposited by atmospheric pressure plasma jet”, Applied Surface Science, vol.314, pp.1074-1081, Sep. 2014.（Link）

研究計畫 Research Project

科技部計畫

  1. 機車產業淨零轉型之永續資源循環及社會衝擊評估｜優秀年輕學者研究計畫｜(2024.8.1-2027.7.31)
  2. 以HEAT模型結合LCA分析大眾運輸取代私人載具環境衝擊及健康效應之共效益｜(2023.8.1-2024.7.31)
  3. 生質廢棄物氣化發電潛力調查與生命週期評估｜產學合作計畫(2022.11.1-2023.10.31)
  4. 在運輸模態改變下廢棄汽車蘊含之資源量未來變化之模擬：從物質流及能源足跡分析｜愛因斯坦計畫(2020.2.1-2023.1.31)

教育部計畫

  1. 教育部綠色工程跨領域人才培育計畫 課程模組教材開發及師培研發子計畫｜教育部計畫(2025.2.1-2026.3.31)
  2. 培育解決2030環境問題之跨領域環境工程師｜教育部計畫(2022.8.1-2023.7.31)
  3. 永續能源跨域課程模組規劃與推動｜教育部計畫(2022.12.1-2024.3.31)

產學合作計畫

  1. MuCell製程產品碳足跡研究計畫｜啟碁科技股份有限公司(2025.1.1-2025.10.31)
  2. Sustainable Packaging Design Grant Proposal｜Uber Portier Taiwan CO. LTD. (2024.8.1-2025.2.28)
  3. Sustainable Communication Graphic Design Grant Proposal｜Uber Portier Taiwan CO. LTD. (2024.8.1-2025.2.28)
  4. 天線製程產品碳足跡及生命週期評估研究計畫｜啟碁科技股份有限公司(2024.8.1-2024.12.31)
  5. 113年塑膠資源循環推動專案工作計畫｜環科工程顧問(股份)有限公司(2024.1.13-2024.12.16)
  6. 輔導訂定企業綠色設計指標｜啟碁科技股份有限公司(2023.10.1-2024.7.31)
  7. 網通產品LCA生命週期評估方法建構｜啟碁科技股份有限公司(2023.3.1-2024.2.28)
  8. 推廣私部門響應減少使用免洗餐具及包裝飲用水理念及實踐做法｜康城工程顧問股份有限公司(2022.7.7-2023.12.15)
  9. 電動機車拆解及原料組成評估研究合作計畫｜睿能創意股份有限公司(2022.1.1-2022.3.31)
  10. 電動機車生命週期評估研究｜睿能創意股份有限公司(Gogoro) (2021.8.1-2021.10.31)
  11. 臺灣燃木生質能熱電聯產發展研究｜盈松環保股份有限公司 (2021.7.1-2022.12.31)
  12. foodpanda × RE-THINK 環保店家專案標準設定及效益評估｜社團法人台灣重新思考環境教育協會 (2021.4.1-2022.4.11)
  13. 臺灣零售業無包裝調查研究｜財團法人綠色和平基金會 (2021.3.1-2021.12.31)
  14. 臺灣零售業一次性塑膠包裝流向調查研究｜財團法人綠色和平基金會(2020.5.1-2020.11.30)

大專生計畫

  1. 零售業重複使用模型減廢減碳效益評估｜江芊葳(2022)
  2. 建立台灣太陽板回收架構及提升回收效率｜古育寧(2021)
  3. 在政策影響下台灣電動機車之持有量變化及其關聯資源之物質流分析｜方品硯(2020)